H1B Visa Guide for Tech Professionals

Here's a comprehensive H-1B Visa Guide for Tech Professionals — from eligibility to getting your visa stamped. Whether you're a software engineer, data analyst, DevOps specialist, or any other tech role, this guide walks you through every step of the H-1B visa process.

H-1B Visa Guide for Tech Professionals (2025 Edition)

Everything you need to know to work in the U.S. as a tech specialist

What is the H-1B Visa?

The H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows U.S. companies to hire foreign professionals in specialty occupations, most commonly in IT, engineering, finance, and healthcare.

• Valid for 3 years, extendable to 6 years

• Employer-sponsored (you can’t apply by yourself)

• Dual intent (can apply for green card while on H-1B)

Step-by-Step H-1B Process for Tech Professionals

🔹 Step 1: Find a U.S. Employer Willing to Sponsor You

You must first secure a job offer from a U.S. company willing to:

• Sponsor your H-1B visa

• File paperwork on your behalf

• Pay the legal and government filing fees

🔍 Common Employers:
Google, Amazon, Infosys, Deloitte, Cognizant, Microsoft, Meta, Accenture, startups, and mid-size tech firms.

🔹 Step 2: Confirm H-1B Eligibility

To be eligible for the H-1B visa:

• You must have at least a Bachelor’s degree (or equivalent) in a relevant field like CS, IT, EE, etc.

• The job must require that degree

• Your employer must pay the prevailing wage for that position

🔹 Step 3: Register for the H-1B Lottery (March)

Due to high demand, USCIS uses a lottery system:

🧾 H-1B Lottery Key Facts:

• Registration opens: early March (usually March 1–20)

• Employers must register you on the USCIS portal

• $10 registration fee per applicant

• Results are announced around end of March

🎯 Cap Info:

• Regular cap: 65,000 visas/year

• Master’s cap: Extra 20,000 for U.S. advanced degree holders

🔹 Step 4: File the Full H-1B Petition (April–June)

If selected in the lottery, your employer must:

1. File a Labor Condition Application (LCA) with the U.S. Department of Labor

2. File Form I-129 (Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker) with USCIS

3. Include supporting documents:

   • Job offer letter

   • Position description

   • Proof of your qualifications (degree, transcript, resume)

   • Employer financials, business details

⏳ Processing Time:

• Regular: 2–6 months

• Premium: 15 calendar days (optional $2,805 fee)

🔹 Step 5: Petition Approval (June–October)

Once your H-1B petition is approved:

• You'll receive an I-797 Approval Notice

• You cannot start working until October 1st (start of fiscal year)

If you’re outside the U.S., proceed to visa stamping.

🔹 Step 6: H-1B Visa Stamping (If Outside the U.S.)

Schedule a visa interview at a U.S. embassy/consulate in your country.

🧾 Required Documents:

• Valid passport

• I-797 approval notice

• Form DS-160 confirmation

• Visa appointment confirmation

• Employer support letter

• LCA (Labor Condition Application)

• Original degree certificates

• Pay slips (if transferring from another employer)

👂 Interview Questions Might Include:

• What will you do in the U.S.?

• What is your salary and job role?

• Who is your employer?

• What projects will you work on?

🔹 Step 7: Enter the U.S. and Start Work (October 1 Onwards)

Once your visa is stamped:

• Enter the U.S. no more than 10 days before your start date

• Begin working under H-1B status

• Employer should provide regular pay per LCA terms

📌 H-1B Timeline Summary

StageTimelineEmployer RegistrationMarch 1–20Lottery SelectionEnd of MarchFull Petition FilingApril – JuneUSCIS Processing2–6 monthsVisa StampingAfter approvalStart WorkOctober 1 onwards

🧩 Key H-1B Considerations

• ✅ H-1B Transfer: You can change jobs with a new employer filing a new petition.

• ✅ Dependents (H-4 Visa): Spouse and children under 21 can come with you.

• ✅ Green Card: H-1B allows dual intent — you can apply for a green card while on H-1B.

• ❌ Self-sponsorship not allowed — you need a U.S. employer.

• ❌ No freelancing or part-time unless allowed by your petition

🔐 Useful Tips for Tech Professionals

1. 🎓 Higher degree = better odds (U.S. Master’s holders get 2 chances in lottery)

2. 🏢 Try multiple employers: More registrations = more chances (but only if real jobs)

3. 📊 Prepare strong documentation: Resume, degree evaluations, job descriptions

4. 🛂 Maintain legal status: Don't overstay grace periods or violate terms

5. 🌍 Cap-Exempt Options: Universities, research orgs can file year-round (no lottery)

🧾 Useful Resources

• USCIS H-1B Page: https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/h-1b-specialty-occupations

• Visa Bulletin (for green card tracking): https://travel.state.gov

• Official Form I-129 Info: https://www.uscis.gov/i-129

Complete Process & Supporting Documents for CR1, IR1, and IR5 U.S. Immigrant Visas.

By MITHUN BISWAS

Complete Process & Supporting Documents for CR1, IR1, and IR5 U.S. Immigrant Visas

These visas fall under family-based immigration, allowing spouses (CR1/IR1) and parents (IR5) of U.S. citizens to become permanent residents (green card holders).

🔹 CR1 vs IR1 vs IR5 — What's the Difference?

Visa TypeWho It's ForKey DetailCR1Spouse of a U.S. citizen (married < 2 years)Conditional green card valid for 2 yearsIR1Spouse of a U.S. citizen (married ≥ 2 years)Permanent green card valid for 10 yearsIR5Parent of a U.S. citizen (petitioner must be 21+)Parent receives immigrant visa directly

🧭 Step-by-Step Process for CR1, IR1, and IR5 Visas

✅ Step 1: File the I-130 Petition (USCIS)

📌 Agency: United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

The U.S. citizen (petitioner) files Form I-130 to prove the qualifying relationship.

📄 Required Documents (Petitioner must submit):

• Completed Form I-130

• Proof of U.S. Citizenship:

  • U.S. passport, birth certificate, naturalization certificate

• Proof of Relationship:

  • CR1/IR1: Marriage certificate, wedding photos, joint documents

  • IR5: Petitioner’s birth certificate showing parent’s name

• Filing fee: $535 (paid to USCIS)

⏳ USCIS Processing Time: 6–12 months (can vary)

✅ Step 2: Case Transfer to NVC (National Visa Center)

📌 After I-130 approval, USCIS sends your case to the NVC.

NVC assigns a Case Number and starts processing for the visa interview.

📄 Steps at NVC:

1. Pay Fees:

   • $120: Affidavit of Support Fee

   • $325: Immigrant Visa Application Fee

2. Submit DS-260 Form:

   • Immigrant visa application (completed online)

3. Submit Supporting Documents (from both petitioner & applicant)

📂 Supporting Documents Checklist

🔷 For CR1/IR1 (Spouse Visa)

From Beneficiary (foreign spouse):

• Valid passport

• Birth certificate

• Marriage certificate

• Police clearance (from current country + any country lived in >6 months after age 16)

• 2x2 passport photos

• DS-260 confirmation page

• Medical exam report (from embassy-approved doctor)

From Petitioner (U.S. citizen spouse):

• U.S. citizenship proof

• I-864 Affidavit of Support

• Recent IRS tax return (1–3 years)

• W-2s, pay stubs, or job letter

• Proof of genuine relationship (photos, chats, travel history, joint bills/accounts)

🔷 For IR5 (Parent Visa)

From Beneficiary (parent):

• Valid passport

• Birth certificate

• Police certificate

• DS-260 confirmation

• Medical exam report

• 2x2 photos

From Petitioner (U.S. citizen child):

• U.S. passport or naturalization certificate

• I-864 Affidavit of Support

• IRS tax returns (usually last 1–3 years)

• Petitioner’s birth certificate (to prove parent-child relationship)

✅ Step 3: Embassy Interview

Once NVC completes its processing, your case is forwarded to the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in your country for an interview appointment.

✅ What to Bring to the Interview:

• Interview appointment letter

• DS-260 confirmation

• Medical exam report (in sealed envelope)

• Original civil documents (birth, marriage certificates)

• Police certificate

• Valid passport

• Photographs (as per embassy requirements)

• Affidavit of Support and financial documents

• Evidence of relationship (CR1/IR1 only)

💬 Common Interview Questions

For CR1/IR1:

• How did you meet your spouse?

• When did you get married?

• How do you communicate?

• Have you met each other’s families?

• Where does your spouse live and work?

For IR5:

• What does your child do in the U.S.?

• Where does your child live?

• Have you visited the U.S. before?

• Do you plan to live permanently in the U.S.?

✅ Step 4: Visa Approval & U.S. Entry

If approved:

• You’ll receive your passport with the immigrant visa.

• You must enter the U.S. before the visa expires (usually within 6 months).

• At U.S. entry, CBP will stamp your passport.

• Your green card will be mailed to the U.S. address provided.

🧾 Final Step: Pay USCIS Immigrant Fee

$220 fee must be paid after visa approval and before or after arriving in the U.S.
👉 Paid online at: https://uscis.gov/file-online

📌 Important Notes

• CR1 = Conditional green card (must file to remove conditions before 2 years)

• IR1/IR5 = Full 10-year green card

• All documents not in English must be translated and certified

• Always bring originals + photocopies to your interview

• You can track your case status at https://ceac.state.gov/

🧳 Summary: Process Timeline

StepDurationI-130 Filing6–12 monthsNVC Processing2–4 monthsEmbassy Interview Wait1–2 monthsVisa Issued + U.S. EntryWithin 6 months of visa issuanceGreen Card Delivery1–2 months after arrival

Express Entry System for IT Workers for Canada.

Step-by-step guide to Canada's Express Entry immigration system for skilled tech professionals.

Canada

Canada Express Entry System for IT Workers.

🧭 What is Express Entry?

Express Entry is Canada's online immigration system used to manage applications for permanent residence (PR) under three economic programs:

• Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP) – for skilled workers with foreign experience

• Canadian Experience Class (CEC) – for those with Canadian work experience

• Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP) – for trade workers (not typical for IT)

As an IT professional, you’ll likely apply under:

• FSWP if you’re outside Canada

• CEC if you’ve worked in Canada on a valid work permit

✅ Step-by-Step Guide to Express Entry for IT Workers

✅ Step 1: Check Eligibility

Use Canada’s official Come to Canada Tool:
👉 https://www.cic.gc.ca/ctc-vac/cometocanada.asp

🔍 Basic Eligibility Requirements:

• At least 1 year of skilled work experience in the past 10 years (NOC 0, A, B)

• Language proficiency: English or French (IELTS or CELPIP – General)

• Education: Post-secondary diploma, degree, or equivalent

• Proof of funds (unless applying under CEC)

✅ Step 2: Get Your Language Test Results

You must take a designated language test:

• IELTS (General Training)

• CELPIP (General) – Only available in some countries

📌 Minimum for FSWP:

• CLB 7 (Canadian Language Benchmark)

• IELTS = 6.0 in each skill (Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking)

✅ Step 3: Get Your Educational Credential Assessment (ECA)

If your education is from outside Canada, get it assessed by a designated organization such as:

• WES (World Education Services) – most common

• ICES, IQAS, CES etc.

ECA proves that your foreign degree is equal to a Canadian one.

🕒 Processing Time: 2–8 weeks
💰 Fee: ~$220 CAD (WES)

✅ Step 4: Create an Express Entry Profile

Now that you have:

• IELTS/CELPIP results

• ECA (for foreign education)

• Details of your work experience, education, and personal info

👉 Go to the IRCC Express Entry Portal and create your profile:
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/account.html

🧠 You'll be entered into the Express Entry pool and receive a CRS Score (Comprehensive Ranking System) out of 1,200.

✅ Step 5: Improve Your CRS Score (Optional)

💡 You can improve your CRS score by:

• Retaking IELTS for a higher score

• Getting a Canadian job offer (adds 50–200 points)

• Getting a provincial nomination (PNP) – adds 600 points

• Gaining more work experience or education

✅ Step 6: Wait for an Invitation to Apply (ITA)

Every 2–3 weeks, IRCC holds an Express Entry draw.
If your CRS score is above the cutoff, you’ll receive an:
➡️ Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residence

✅ Step 7: Submit Your PR Application

Once you receive an ITA:

• You have 60 days to submit your complete PR application online

📄 Documents Needed:

• Passport

• Language test results

• ECA report

• Proof of work experience (job letters, pay stubs, reference letters)

• Police clearance certificates

• Medical exam (with IRCC-approved doctor)

• Proof of funds (bank statements) (if required)

• Digital photo

💳 Application Fee:

• $1,365 CAD per adult (including PR fee)

🕒 Processing Time:

• 6 months (on average, from complete application submission)

✅ Step 8: Receive Confirmation of PR (COPR)

If approved, you’ll receive:

• Confirmation of Permanent Residence (COPR)

• A PR visa (if you're outside Canada)

✈️ You can now enter Canada as a permanent resident!

🧑‍💻 Popular Tech NOC Codes for Express Entry

Job TitleNOC Code (TEER)Software Engineer21231Web Developer21234Data Analyst21223DevOps Engineer21231 / 22220Cybersecurity Analyst21220Database Analyst/Admin21223 / 21222IT Project Manager21311UX/UI Designer52120

Find your NOC: https://www.jobbank.gc.ca/noc

💰 Proof of Funds (if required – FSWP only)

Family SizeFunds Required (2025)1$14,690 CAD2$18,288 CAD3$22,483 CAD4$27,297 CAD

(Cannot use borrowed money. Funds must be liquid and accessible.)

📌 Summary Checklist

StepAction1Check eligibility2Take IELTS/CELPIP3Get ECA (e.g., WES)4Create Express Entry profile5Improve CRS score (optional)6Wait for ITA7Submit PR application with documents8Receive COPR and move to Canada

🎓 Bonus: Tips for IT Professionals

• ✅ Get job offer via Job Bank or Global Talent Stream (fast-track work permit)

• ✅ Join Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) for more chances (Ontario, BC Tech, Alberta)

• ✅ Create a LinkedIn profile that appeals to Canadian employers

• ✅ Target high-demand NOC codes for better scores

🔗 Useful Links

• 🔗 Express Entry Portal: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry.html

• 🔗 NOC Codes: https://www.jobbank.gc.ca/noc

• 🔗 WES ECA: https://www.wes.org/ca/

• 🔗 IELTS: https://ielts.org/

EU Blue Card for Tech Professionals for Germany.

How to Obtain an EU Blue Card as a Skilled IT Worker in Germany (2025 Edition)

🔷 What is the EU Blue Card?

The EU Blue Card is a residence and work permit for non-EU citizens who are highly skilled and want to live and work in Germany (or other EU countries).

It offers:

• A fast-track route to permanent residency

• Family reunification options

• The ability to move within the EU (after certain conditions)

👨‍💻 Who is this for?

This guide is for highly qualified tech professionals, such as:

• Software Engineers

• Web Developers

• DevOps Engineers

• Data Scientists

• IT Project Managers

• Cybersecurity Experts

• Network/System Administrators

✅ Eligibility Criteria for Germany’s EU Blue Card

To qualify, you must meet all the following conditions:

RequirementDescription🎓 Higher EducationA recognized university degree (or equivalent qualification)💼 Job Offer in GermanyYou must have a concrete job offer or signed employment contract💰 Minimum Salary (2025)– €45,300/year for general professions– €41,041/year for shortage occupations (includes IT)🛂 Non-EU CitizenshipYou must be a non-EU/EEA citizen

👉 Good news: IT professionals are on Germany’s shortage occupation list, which means lower salary thresholds apply.

🧭 Step-by-Step Guide to Getting the EU Blue Card (Germany)

✅ Step 1: Get a Recognized University Degree

If your degree is from outside Germany, it must be:

• Recognized or

• Comparable to a German degree

🔍 Use the official ANABIN database to check:
👉 https://anabin.kmk.org

If your degree isn't listed, you may need a Statement of Comparability from ZAB.

✅ Step 2: Secure a Job Offer from a German Employer

You must have a valid job offer or employment contract in a relevant IT position.

📌 The contract must:

• Be full-time

• State your gross annual salary

• Match your qualifications

💡 Use job boards like:

• https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/

• https://www.stepstone.de

• https://www.arbeitsagentur.de

✅ Step 3: Apply for the EU Blue Card Visa (From Your Home Country)

📍 If you’re outside Germany, you must apply for a national D-type visa for the purpose of Blue Card employment at the German Embassy or Consulate in your country.

📄 Required Documents:

• Valid passport

• Signed job offer or employment contract

• University degree + ANABIN confirmation or ZAB evaluation

• CV/Resume

• Motivation letter (optional but recommended)

• Proof of health insurance

• Visa application form (available on embassy website)

• Passport photos (biometric format)

• Visa fee: ~€75

🕒 Processing Time: Usually 4–12 weeks

✅ Step 4: Travel to Germany and Register Your Address

After your visa is approved:

1. Enter Germany

2. Register your residence (Anmeldung) at your local Bürgeramt within 2 weeks

   • Bring rental agreement + passport

✅ Step 5: Apply for the EU Blue Card at Local Immigration Office (Ausländerbehörde)

Book an appointment with the Ausländerbehörde in your city to convert your visa to a residence permit (EU Blue Card).

📄 Documents Required:

• Valid passport + visa

• Proof of Anmeldung (registration)

• Job contract with salary details

• Recognized degree confirmation

• Health insurance proof

• Filled residence permit application form

• Biometric photo

• Fee: ~€100–€140

🕒 Processing Time: 2–8 weeks (can work while it’s being processed)

✅ Once approved, you will receive your EU Blue Card valid for 1–4 years (renewable).

📌 Key Benefits of the EU Blue Card (Germany)

BenefitDetails🏡 Fast Track to Permanent ResidencyEligible after 33 months (or 21 months with B1 German)👨‍👩‍👧 Family ReunificationSpouse and children can join you; spouse does not need to know German to come🔁 Job FlexibilityYou can change jobs after 2 years without approval🌍 MobilityAfter 18 months, you may move to another EU country on a Blue Card

📊 Salary Thresholds (2025)

CategoryMinimum Gross Annual SalaryGeneral Professions€45,300 EURShortage Occupations (incl. IT)€41,041 EUR

👉 The employer must offer at least this salary (as of 2025, may change yearly)

📄 Summary Checklist

StepTask1️⃣Check if your degree is recognized (ANABIN or ZAB)2️⃣Get a full-time job offer in Germany3️⃣Apply for the D Visa (Blue Card purpose) at your local German Embassy4️⃣Register your address in Germany (Anmeldung)5️⃣Apply for the EU Blue Card at Ausländerbehörde✅Receive Blue Card & start your career in Germany

🗂 Additional Documents (May Be Requested)

• Police clearance certificate

• Reference letters from previous employers

• Translated documents (if not in English or German)

• Proof of accommodation (rental agreement)

🧑‍💻 Popular IT Roles in Demand in Germany

Job TitleNotesSoftware DeveloperHigh demand, all tech stacksCloud EngineerAWS, Azure, GCP experience preferredData ScientistPython, R, ML knowledge a plusCybersecurity AnalystGrowing fieldSystem AdministratorLinux, Windows ServerDevOps EngineerCI/CD, Docker, KubernetesIT ConsultantWith German-speaking skills preferred

📚 Useful Links

• 🖥 Germany Blue Card Info (Make it in Germany)

• 🔍 ANABIN Database for Degree Recognition

• 📄 Visa Application Forms & Checklists – German Missions

• 📖 Federal Office for Migration & Refugees (BAMF)

🎯 Final Tip

Even without German language skills, tech professionals are highly valued in Germany — but learning German (at least A2/B1) will help with:

• Permanent residency faster

• Social integration

• Access to more roles and promotions

Australia Skilled Independent Visa (Subclass 189) for Tech Professionals

A Step-by-Step Guide to Australia’s Points-Based Immigration System (2025 Edition)

🔷 What is the Skilled Independent Visa (Subclass 189)?

The Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189) is a permanent resident visa for invited skilled workers who are not sponsored by an employer, family member, or state/territory government.

✅ It’s points-based and ideal for tech workers who:

• Have in-demand skills

• Want to live and work anywhere in Australia

• Want full PR (Permanent Residency) with a pathway to citizenship

👨‍💻 Who Can Apply?

This visa is suited for tech professionals in roles such as:

• Software Engineers

• Web Developers

• Database Administrators

• Cybersecurity Analysts

• IT Project Managers

• ICT Business Analysts

• Systems Engineers

• Data Scientists

📌 Your occupation must be on the Skilled Occupation List (SOL)
👉 https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skill-occupation-list

✅ Step-by-Step Guide to Subclass 189 Visa for IT Workers

✅ Step 1: Check Eligibility

To be eligible, you must:

RequirementDescriptionAgeUnder 45 years at time of invitationLanguageCompetent English (IELTS 6.0 in each band or equivalent)OccupationMust be on MLTSSL (Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List)Skills AssessmentMust get a positive skills assessment from relevant authorityPointsScore at least 65 points (higher scores are more competitive)

🔍 Use the official Points Calculator to assess your score.

✅ Step 2: Get a Skills Assessment

Before you can apply, you must get your skills assessed by the relevant authority for your occupation.

For IT professionals, the assessing authority is typically:

🛠 ACS (Australian Computer Society)
👉 https://www.acs.org.au/

📄 Documents Needed:

• Academic qualifications (degrees, transcripts)

• Detailed resume/CV

• Reference letters from employers

• Employment contracts/pay slips

• Passport bio page

💰 Cost: ~AUD 500–600
🕒 Time: 6–12 weeks

✅ Step 3: Take an English Test

Accepted tests include:

• IELTS (General or Academic) – 6.0 minimum in each band

• PTE Academic – 50 in each section

• TOEFL iBT, Cambridge English (CAE) also accepted

💡 Higher scores = more points (e.g., IELTS 8.0+ = 20 points)

✅ Step 4: Calculate Your Points

Points are awarded based on:

FactorMax PointsAgeUp to 30English skillsUp to 20Skilled employmentUp to 20EducationUp to 20Australian studyUp to 5Partner skillsUp to 10NAATI (language test)Up to 5Regional studyUp to 5

🔢 Minimum required: 65 points, but 90+ is ideal for IT occupations due to competition.

✅ Step 5: Submit an Expression of Interest (EOI)

Create an EOI through SkillSelect:
👉 https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/working-in-australia/skillselect

You don’t need documents at this stage, just:

• Skill details

• Points claim

• Test scores

• Employment history

🕒 EOIs stay valid for 2 years
🎯 Invitations are sent to high-ranking EOIs during regular selection rounds

✅ Step 6: Receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA)

If your EOI is selected, you’ll receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for the Subclass 189 visa.

🎯 ITA is usually issued based on:

• High point scores

• Occupation ceilings

• Annual quotas

You have 60 days to lodge your full visa application after ITA.

✅ Step 7: Apply for the Visa Online

Apply via your ImmiAccount:
👉 https://online.immi.gov.au/lusc/login

📄 Required Documents:

• Passport

• English test results (IELTS/PTE)

• Positive Skills Assessment (e.g., from ACS)

• Identity documents

• Police clearance certificates

• Health exam (arranged through an approved panel physician)

• Work experience evidence (letters, pay slips, etc.)

• Qualification certificates

💰 Visa Fee: AUD 4,640 (primary applicant)
🕒 Processing Time: 6–10 months (can vary)

✅ Step 8: Health and Character Checks

✅ Undergo:

• Medical Examination

• Police clearance certificates for each country lived in for 12+ months in last 10 years

✅ Step 9: Visa Approval & Travel to Australia

If approved, you’ll receive your grant notice.

✅ You can now:

• Live and work in any part of Australia

• Access public healthcare (Medicare)

• Sponsor family members

• Apply for citizenship after 4 years of residency

🧾 Summary Checklist

StepAction1️⃣Check if your tech occupation is on the Skilled List2️⃣Get skills assessment from ACS3️⃣Take an English test (IELTS/PTE)4️⃣Calculate your points5️⃣Submit Expression of Interest (EOI) via SkillSelect6️⃣Wait for Invitation to Apply (ITA)7️⃣Submit visa application with all documents8️⃣Complete health and police checks9️⃣Receive PR grant and move to Australia

💡 In-Demand Tech Occupations (Eligible for 189 Visa)

OccupationANZSCO CodeSoftware Engineer261313ICT Business Analyst261111Systems Analyst261112Developer Programmer261312Database Administrator262111Cybersecurity Specialist262112ICT Security Specialist262112Web Developer261212Network Administrator263112ICT Project Manager135112

🔍 Check codes and descriptions here: https://www.abs.gov.au/anzsco

📚 Useful Links

• 💼 Australia Home Affairs – Skilled Visas

• 🧑‍💻 ACS Skills Assessment Guide

• ✍️ Points Calculator Tool

• 🔍 Occupation List

• 📝 ImmiAccount Login

🎯 Final Tips for Tech Professionals

• ✅ Aim for high points (especially if applying offshore) — 90+ is competitive

• ✅ Get certified or learn in-demand tech stacks (e.g., cloud, data, AI)

• ✅ Get references and work letters in advance — ACS requires detailed info

• ✅ Apply early if you're under 40 — age points drop significantly afterward

• ✅ Consider also applying for subclass 190 or 491 for more options

UK Skilled Worker Visa (Formerly Tier 2 General) for Tech Professionals

Step-by-Step Guide to Working in the UK as a Sponsored Tech Worker (2025 Edition)

🔷 What Is the UK Skilled Worker Visa?

The UK Skilled Worker Visa allows skilled professionals from outside the UK to live and work with a job offer from a UK-licensed sponsor.

✅ It's the modern version of the old Tier 2 (General) Visa.

✅ Tech workers are highly in demand, especially in fields like:

• Software Development

• Cybersecurity

• Cloud Computing

• Data Analysis

• DevOps

• AI & Machine Learning

👨‍💻 Who Can Apply?

You can apply if you:

RequirementDescription📄 Job OfferYou have a confirmed job offer from a UK sponsor licensed by the Home Office💼 OccupationYour job is on the Skilled Occupations List (many IT roles are)💷 SalaryMinimum £38,700/year, or £30,960/year if eligible for a reduced rate (e.g., shortage role or new graduate)🗣️ EnglishYou meet the English language requirement (IELTS, etc.)

👉 Full occupation list: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/skilled-worker-visa-eligible-occupations

✅ Step-by-Step Guide for Tech Workers

✅ Step 1: Secure a Job Offer from a UK Sponsor

You must have a job offer from a licensed sponsor before applying.

🔍 Search for jobs on:

• https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/

• https://www.indeed.co.uk

• https://www.technojobs.co.uk

🔗 Find licensed sponsors here:
👉 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/register-of-licensed-sponsors-workers

✅ Step 2: Get a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS)

Your UK employer must issue you a Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS), which includes:

• Unique CoS reference number

• Job title and description

• Salary details

• Company sponsorship info

📌 Valid for 3 months from the date it's assigned.

✅ Step 3: Check the Salary Threshold

For tech roles (e.g., software engineers), the standard threshold is:

CategorySalary RequirementGeneral Tech Roles£38,700/year or £15.88/hourShortage Occupations / New EntrantsFrom £30,960/year

👉 Many tech jobs are on the Shortage Occupation List, allowing reduced salary threshold and lower visa fees.

✅ Step 4: Meet the English Language Requirement

You must prove your English ability through one of the following:

• IELTS for UKVI (General) – Score 4.0+ in each skill

• PTE Academic UKVI

• Having a degree taught in English (outside UK) – must get NARIC/ECCTIS statement

✅ Step 5: Prepare Your Documents

📄 Required Documents:

• Valid passport

• Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS) number

• Job title and salary

• Employer sponsor license number

• Proof of English (IELTS or equivalent)

• Proof of finances (bank statements unless employer covers)

• Tuberculosis test (for certain countries)

• Criminal record certificate (for sensitive roles)

✅ Step 6: Apply for the Visa Online

Apply from outside or inside the UK via the official website:
👉 https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa/apply

📌 Visa Application Fee (2025):

CategoryVisa Fee (up to 3 years)Standard£719Shortage Occupation£551Health Surcharge (IHS)£1,035/year

🕒 Processing time: 3–8 weeks

✅ Step 7: Attend Biometrics Appointment

You may need to:

• Provide fingerprints and a photograph

• Attend Visa Application Center (VAC) in your country

🪪 You will receive a BRP (Biometric Residence Permit) once approved.

✅ Step 8: Enter the UK and Start Working

Once approved, you'll get:

• Visa vignette in your passport (30-day entry window)

• BRP card after arrival in the UK

✅ You can now:

• Work full-time in your role

• Bring dependents

• Apply for indefinite leave to remain (ILR) after 5 years

• Later apply for UK citizenship

💼 Common Tech Occupations Eligible for Sponsorship

Job TitleSOC CodeSoftware Developer2136Cybersecurity Specialist2139Web Developer2137Data Analyst / Scientist2135IT Business Analyst2135Network Engineer2127IT Project Manager2133

🔍 Confirm details at:
👉 https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa

🧾 Summary Checklist

StepTask1️⃣Get a tech job offer from a licensed UK sponsor2️⃣Receive Certificate of Sponsorship (CoS)3️⃣Meet salary and English language requirements4️⃣Gather all documents5️⃣Apply online via GOV.UK6️⃣Attend biometrics appointment7️⃣Receive visa decision and travel to UK8️⃣Start working and living in the UK

👨‍👩‍👧 Can You Bring Your Family?

Yes! You can bring:

• Spouse/partner

• Children under 18

They will receive dependent visas, allowing them to:

• Work or study in the UK

• Access healthcare

• Travel in/out of the UK

📚 Useful Links

• 🛂 UK Skilled Worker Visa Overview

• 🔍 List of Licensed Sponsors (PDF)

• 🧾 Apply for the Visa

• 📄 Occupation Code List

🎯 Final Tips for Tech Professionals

• ✅ Make sure your job title and salary match the official codes

• ✅ Work with recruiters who know visa sponsorship

• ✅ Look for jobs on trusted portals like LinkedIn, CWJobs, and Stack Overflow Jobs

• ✅ Apply early – sponsorship roles are limited and competitive

Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant Program (Kennismigrant Visa)

The Ultimate Guide for Tech Professionals & Startup Employees (2025 Edition)

🔷 What is the Highly Skilled Migrant Program?

The Highly Skilled Migrant Program (Dutch: Kennismigrant) is a residence and work permit route for non-EU/EEA professionals with a job offer from a recognized Dutch sponsor.

✅ It's designed to fast-track highly qualified tech professionals to work in the Netherlands.

✅ Especially popular among:

• Software Engineers

• Cloud Architects

• Data Scientists

• Cybersecurity Experts

• IT Consultants

• AI/ML Engineers

• Startup Developers & Founders

👨‍💻 Who Can Apply?

You qualify if:

RequirementDescription💼 Job OfferYou have a job offer from a Dutch company recognized by IND as a sponsor🎓 SkillsYou are highly skilled and typically hold a bachelor’s or master’s degree in a relevant field💷 SalaryYour salary meets minimum threshold (see below)🛂 NationalityYou are not from the EU/EEA or Switzerland

💰 Salary Thresholds (2025)

CategoryMonthly Gross Salary (Excl. Holiday Pay)30+ Years Old€5,331/monthUnder 30 Years Old€3,909/monthRecent Graduates (Dutch university)€2,801/monthEU Blue Card Holders€5,867/month

💡 These are minimums — actual salaries are often higher, especially for tech.

✅ Step-by-Step Guide for Tech Professionals

✅ Step 1: Secure a Job Offer from a Recognized Sponsor

You must have a job offer from a company that is officially registered as a recognized sponsor with the IND (Dutch Immigration Office).

🔍 Find recognized employers:
👉 https://ind.nl/en/Pages/Public-register-recognised-sponsors.aspx

🎯 Common Dutch companies hiring tech workers:

• Booking.com

• Adyen

• ASML

• Picnic

• ING Tech

• MessageBird

• Various startups

✅ Step 2: Ensure Salary Meets Minimum Requirements

Confirm that your gross salary meets the applicable threshold based on your age and role.

📌 The salary must:

• Be specified in your contract

• Be paid into a Dutch bank account

• Be structural and long-term (not freelance or short-term)

✅ Step 3: Employer Applies for Residence Permit

Your Dutch employer will usually handle the application on your behalf by applying to the IND (Immigration and Naturalisation Service).

📄 Documents required (from employer and employee):

• Valid passport

• Signed employment contract

• Proof of qualification (degree, etc.)

• CV/resume

• Proof of salary and job role

• Sponsor’s company registration

🕒 IND Processing time: 2–4 weeks

✅ Step 4: Entry Visa (MVV) – If Required

If you're from a country requiring a visa, you'll need to apply for an MVV (entry visa) at the Dutch embassy or consulate.

✅ If approved, you can travel to the Netherlands and pick up your residence permit upon arrival.

✅ Step 5: Travel to the Netherlands

Once approved:

• You’ll receive a sticker or visa in your passport

• Upon arrival, you’ll pick up your residence permit at the IND office

📍 Also, register with the local municipality (gemeente) to get your BSN (citizen service number)

✅ Step 6: Start Working & Living in the Netherlands

Congratulations — you’re now a highly skilled migrant in the Netherlands!

✅ You can:

• Work full-time in your tech job

• Bring your spouse/partner and children

• Access Dutch healthcare and insurance

• Open a bank account, rent housing, etc.

👨‍👩‍👧 Family Members (Dependents)

You can bring:

• Spouse or registered partner

• Children under 18

They’ll receive dependent residence permits and can:

• Work freely (no separate permit needed)

• Study

• Access healthcare

🧭 Optional Pathways: Startups & Entrepreneurs

If you’re working at or founding a startup, you may qualify for:

🧪 Startup Visa (1 year)

• You must have an approved facilitator (startup incubator)

• After 1 year, you may transition to a highly skilled migrant visa

👉 https://business.gov.nl/coming-to-the-netherlands/startup-visa/

📜 After 5 Years: Permanent Residency

After 5 years of continuous legal stay, you may apply for:

• Permanent Residency (EU or Dutch)

• Later, Dutch Citizenship

Conditions:

• Dutch language level A2

• No criminal record

• Stable income

📚 Useful Links

• 🔗 IND – Highly Skilled Migrants

• 🧾 IND Salary Requirements

• 📄 Recognized Sponsors List

• 🧳 Startup Visa Netherlands

• 📘 Official Immigration Portal: Netherlands Worldwide

🧾 Summary Checklist

StepTask1️⃣Get a job offer from a Dutch recognized sponsor2️⃣Confirm salary meets IND thresholds3️⃣Employer applies for your residence permit4️⃣Apply for MVV if required (non-EU countries)5️⃣Travel to the Netherlands and register (BSN)6️⃣Start work and integrate into Dutch life7️⃣Apply for permanent residency after 5 years (optional)

💼 In-Demand Tech Jobs in the Netherlands

Job TitleDemandSoftware Engineer (Java, Python, React)🔥 HighData Scientist / Analyst🔥 HighDevOps / Cloud Engineer🔥 HighCybersecurity Specialist🔥 HighAI / Machine Learning Engineer🔥 HighIT Project ManagerModerateBackend / Frontend Developer🔥 HighProduct Owner / Agile CoachModerate

🎯 Final Tips for Tech Professionals

• ✅ English is widely spoken — Dutch is optional but helpful

• ✅ The Netherlands offers great work-life balance

• ✅ Use local job sites like:

  • https://www.undutchables.nl

  • https://www.iamsterdam.com/en/work

  • https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/

• ✅ Tech startups in Amsterdam, Eindhoven, and Utrecht are booming